Wednesday, February 28, 2007

A talent for voice, a voice for talents: CreatiVoices Productions



A talent
for voice, a
voice for talents:
CreatiVoices Productions





With pod casting now becoming a
growing phenomenon , it was only a
matter of time before the need for
professional voice and
production facilities become apparent. This is where CreatiVoices Productions
steps in.





With this teen-idol aura, Pocholo "Choy" Gonzales appears too
young at first glance to be running a
business, particularly one that has ambitions of turning an entire industry on
its head. But Choy has been working since he was still a student, and his efforts to develop leadership among
children and youth led to his being recently recognized by no less than Nokia
as part of a group of
self-motivated Asian youth devoted in social empowerment.





And he is out to professionalize the entire Philippine voice talent
industry- a huge, invincible,
behind-the-scenes business the few people know about and, as a result, is prone to abuse by the media. CreatiVoices
Productions, a voice talent
agency and professional recording studio, seeks to resolve this problem, and
one of its initial strategies for
penetrating the market is through the growing trend of pod casting.





Desktop Broadcasting, for better or worse



In the same way that desktop publishing has placed the power of the printing
press into the hands of the individual, pod casts now offer the individual the
power to broadcast audio streams to the world at large via the internet. The
word "podcast" taken from the "iPod" and broadcast,"
has quickly entered the common phraseology among the geek set although
listeners need not own an Apple iPod.





The podcasting community is indeed growing and there's now a little bit of everything, from
high-traffic sites such as Leo Laborite's "This Week in Tech", to
cult sites such as the Filipino "Top Dogs," to thousands of nameless
individuals who are now trying to express themselves over the internet through
the power of the podcast.





Unfortunately, says Choy, just because you can do it doesn't necessarily
mean that should. "Anybody with a
voice recorder and an internet
connection can make a podcast,
" says Choy. "But the problem is, will people really want to listen
to you?"



True enough, with the power of broadcasting now placed in the hands of the
amateurs, except to find legions of podcasts that are, to put it bluntly,
indigestible – with garbled sound, faint volume, background noise, little or no
editing, lots of dead air, aimless blather, or simply cursed with an
uncharismatic voice. Any of
these can be enough to make listeners tune out almost immediately.





So even if anybody can make a
podcast, CreatiVoices Productions believes that truly serious podcasters who
want long-term audiences would rather let the pros guide them.









Podcasting primer



"To make a really
good podcast, you need three things," says Choy. "First, you really
need a good script. Next, you
need a professional voice talent.
And third, you need a
broadcast-quality studio facility to record your podcast in."





Most amateurs make the mistake if just sitting in front of a microphone and muttering whatever comes to
mind. And while this maybe sufficient to feed the podcaster's ego, nobody
really wants to listen to the aimless ramblings of some stranger. A script helps to organize the presentation,
and organizing the script requires some level of creative skill.





The podcaster's voice can
be the second obstacle. Not everybody has aural charisma, and sometimes it
takes a pro to convey one's
message with the proper enunciation, confidence and diction. Fortunately for those who want to convey their
messages themselves, voice
training is available.





And while anybody in a
bedroom with a microphone can
record a podcast, the truth is
that the typical home environment doesn't have good acoustics. Besides, you
wouldn't want to be in the middle of a
serious discussion and have a tricycles
with a bad muffler puttering
by. Also, most over-the-counter microphones do not capture the nuance of the voice sufficiently. So it helps to
record at a studio, where the
environment is completely controlled and microphones are studio-quality.





CreatiVoices Productions seeks to address all of the above by providing
scriptwriting and editing services, professional voice talents
and voice training, and a world-class recording studio. But
it all began with the voice.





Birth of a vision



"CreatiVoices is all about voices," says Choy. Choy set up the
company just last November 2005. "It's a
recording studio and is the very first voice
talent agency in the
country."





The problem, says Choy, is that the voice
talents don't have a choice. Without industry standards or
representation, they would just accept any project that comes their way,
without knowing what the proper rates ought to be. Veteran radio drama voice talents are the most hard-pressed, since they are now
old and know of no other means for
their livelihood. "From 500 pesos it became just 300 pesos per script. And
now they're just getting 80 pesos per script. Imagine that. Nakakaawa,"
says Choy.





Even powerful networks abuse their voice
talents. He was a voice
talent at ABS-CBN for several years, where he became the voice of Sanchai's father in the
popular TV show "Meteor
Garden
," among
others. "I was earning a
thousand pesos per episode in 1996. But now they just earn 200 to 500 pesos per
episode. Imbis na tumaas, bumaba." Voice
talents get work mainly
because the director is their friend. No contracts exchanged hands.





Choy was relatively fortunate. Aside from radio and tv, he has done hundreds
of commercials, including mimicking the voices of Senator Juan Flavier and
their host Mike Enriquez (for
which he won a Best Voice Talent
award at last year's Ad Congress). He has thus made his first million with his voice.





But not every voice talent is fortunate, and this is
what CreatiVoices seeks to address.





Podcasting the pro way



CreatiVoices has invested in world-class equipment. In its efficient studio,
an Apple G5 rests beneath a
desk. Connected to it is an array of professional digital recording devices.
"The software alone cost almost a
million," says Choy.





The company takes pod casting seriously. "We use scripts for our podcasts. And then we record in the
studio so there's no outside noise and the voice
is crisp," says Choy. Next comes the editing, which adds music, opening
and closing billboards, and stingers into the production.





The end result is a clean,
professional, world-class quality output that's worthy of being broadcasted
around the world.





CreatiVoices is targeting a
primarily corporate market for
podcast services. "Imagine the potential. Let's face it: people don't have
time to read anymore. So instead of issuing a
company newsletter, for
example, the company president can instead send a podcast to all his employees. And they can listen to
it on the way home from work or while doing other things."







A voice
for the future



Of course, the more professional the podcast quality, the more
"listenable" it will be. And this is what CreatiVoices is banking on
– that podcasts will be taken seriously by the Philippine market as a legitimate venue for corporate communications. This, in turn, would then
fuel the company in its drive for
professionalizing the voice talent industry.





Not bad for a four-month old firm that's riding on a trend barely a year old.










A talent for voice, a voice for talents: CreatiVoices Productions



A talent
for voice, a
voice for talents:
CreatiVoices Productions





With pod casting now becoming a
growing phenomenon , it was only a
matter of time before the need for
professional voice and
production facilities become apparent. This is where CreatiVoices Productions
steps in.





With this teen-idol aura, Pocholo "Choy" Gonzales appears too
young at first glance to be running a
business, particularly one that has ambitions of turning an entire industry on
its head. But Choy has been working since he was still a student, and his efforts to develop leadership among
children and youth led to his being recently recognized by no less than Nokia
as part of a group of
self-motivated Asian youth devoted in social empowerment.





And he is out to professionalize the entire Philippine voice talent
industry- a huge, invincible,
behind-the-scenes business the few people know about and, as a result, is prone to abuse by the media. CreatiVoices
Productions, a voice talent
agency and professional recording studio, seeks to resolve this problem, and
one of its initial strategies for
penetrating the market is through the growing trend of pod casting.





Desktop Broadcasting, for better or worse



In the same way that desktop publishing has placed the power of the printing
press into the hands of the individual, pod casts now offer the individual the
power to broadcast audio streams to the world at large via the internet. The
word "podcast" taken from the "iPod" and broadcast,"
has quickly entered the common phraseology among the geek set although
listeners need not own an Apple iPod.





The podcasting community is indeed growing and there's now a little bit of everything, from
high-traffic sites such as Leo Laborite's "This Week in Tech", to
cult sites such as the Filipino "Top Dogs," to thousands of nameless
individuals who are now trying to express themselves over the internet through
the power of the podcast.





Unfortunately, says Choy, just because you can do it doesn't necessarily
mean that should. "Anybody with a
voice recorder and an internet
connection can make a podcast,
" says Choy. "But the problem is, will people really want to listen
to you?"



True enough, with the power of broadcasting now placed in the hands of the
amateurs, except to find legions of podcasts that are, to put it bluntly,
indigestible – with garbled sound, faint volume, background noise, little or no
editing, lots of dead air, aimless blather, or simply cursed with an
uncharismatic voice. Any of
these can be enough to make listeners tune out almost immediately.





So even if anybody can make a
podcast, CreatiVoices Productions believes that truly serious podcasters who
want long-term audiences would rather let the pros guide them.









Podcasting primer



"To make a really
good podcast, you need three things," says Choy. "First, you really
need a good script. Next, you
need a professional voice talent.
And third, you need a
broadcast-quality studio facility to record your podcast in."





Most amateurs make the mistake if just sitting in front of a microphone and muttering whatever comes to
mind. And while this maybe sufficient to feed the podcaster's ego, nobody
really wants to listen to the aimless ramblings of some stranger. A script helps to organize the presentation,
and organizing the script requires some level of creative skill.





The podcaster's voice can
be the second obstacle. Not everybody has aural charisma, and sometimes it
takes a pro to convey one's
message with the proper enunciation, confidence and diction. Fortunately for those who want to convey their
messages themselves, voice
training is available.





And while anybody in a
bedroom with a microphone can
record a podcast, the truth is
that the typical home environment doesn't have good acoustics. Besides, you
wouldn't want to be in the middle of a
serious discussion and have a tricycles
with a bad muffler puttering
by. Also, most over-the-counter microphones do not capture the nuance of the voice sufficiently. So it helps to
record at a studio, where the
environment is completely controlled and microphones are studio-quality.





CreatiVoices Productions seeks to address all of the above by providing
scriptwriting and editing services, professional voice talents
and voice training, and a world-class recording studio. But
it all began with the voice.





Birth of a vision



"CreatiVoices is all about voices," says Choy. Choy set up the
company just last November 2005. "It's a
recording studio and is the very first voice
talent agency in the
country."





The problem, says Choy, is that the voice
talents don't have a choice. Without industry standards or
representation, they would just accept any project that comes their way,
without knowing what the proper rates ought to be. Veteran radio drama voice talents are the most hard-pressed, since they are now
old and know of no other means for
their livelihood. "From 500 pesos it became just 300 pesos per script. And
now they're just getting 80 pesos per script. Imagine that. Nakakaawa,"
says Choy.





Even powerful networks abuse their voice
talents. He was a voice
talent at ABS-CBN for several years, where he became the voice of Sanchai's father in the
popular TV show "Meteor
Garden
," among
others. "I was earning a
thousand pesos per episode in 1996. But now they just earn 200 to 500 pesos per
episode. Imbis na tumaas, bumaba." Voice
talents get work mainly
because the director is their friend. No contracts exchanged hands.





Choy was relatively fortunate. Aside from radio and tv, he has done hundreds
of commercials, including mimicking the voices of Senator Juan Flavier and
their host Mike Enriquez (for
which he won a Best Voice Talent
award at last year's Ad Congress). He has thus made his first million with his voice.





But not every voice talent is fortunate, and this is
what CreatiVoices seeks to address.





Podcasting the pro way



CreatiVoices has invested in world-class equipment. In its efficient studio,
an Apple G5 rests beneath a
desk. Connected to it is an array of professional digital recording devices.
"The software alone cost almost a
million," says Choy.





The company takes pod casting seriously. "We use scripts for our podcasts. And then we record in the
studio so there's no outside noise and the voice
is crisp," says Choy. Next comes the editing, which adds music, opening
and closing billboards, and stingers into the production.





The end result is a clean,
professional, world-class quality output that's worthy of being broadcasted
around the world.





CreatiVoices is targeting a
primarily corporate market for
podcast services. "Imagine the potential. Let's face it: people don't have
time to read anymore. So instead of issuing a
company newsletter, for
example, the company president can instead send a podcast to all his employees. And they can listen to
it on the way home from work or while doing other things."







A voice
for the future



Of course, the more professional the podcast quality, the more
"listenable" it will be. And this is what CreatiVoices is banking on
– that podcasts will be taken seriously by the Philippine market as a legitimate venue for corporate communications. This, in turn, would then
fuel the company in its drive for
professionalizing the voice talent industry.





Not bad for a four-month old firm that's riding on a trend barely a year old.










Wednesday, February 21, 2007

Firm sees untapped overseas market for Filipino voice talent

Firm sees untapped overseas market for Filipino voice talent


First posted 17:40:14 (Mla time) February 18, 2007
Erwin Oliva
INQUIRER.net





A PHILIPPINE company sees a largely untapped global outsourcing market for Filipino voice talents given the increasing demand from the podcasting, animation, and computer gaming industries, to name a few.


Having bagged deals in and out of the country, Creativoices Productions chief executive officer Pocholo Gonzales says the outsourcing market for Filipino voice talents has great potential.


What the country lacks, however, are professionals who can help local voice talents find better deals, he said.


"Our main goal is to make the Philippines a global center for voice talents. Voice talents abound in the country. But we need to professionalize this industry," added the young executive who can simulate the voices of the country's former presidents.


Voice talents are not only limited to doing commercials or "AVPs"--audio-visual presentations. Their talents are also being recruited to do voices for animation, audio books, computer games, and recently podcasts, audio files downloaded or delivered via subscription, which has been likened to radio shows on the Internet.


Gonzales said Creativoices had done voices for a Filipino-developed PC game called Terra Wars: NY Invasion developed by LadyLuck Digital Media.


Recently, the company was also tapped to provide the voices for an independent animation production called "Tuldok."


The company also provides technical services for the recently launched podcasts of INQUIRER.net.


Creativoices has established a center that currently trains more local voice talents to become professionals and has graduated about 20, added Gonzales.


"It took me five years to become a professional voice talent. What we want to do is teach them not to think this is work but an art," the executive said, noting that the company is in discussions with the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority.


Brian Ligsay, marketing director and chief operating officer of the company, added that most voice talents land deals through referrals; so people who have fewer connections end up getting fewer projects.


But among the known voice talents, one could earn "as much as a general manager's wage for three months," he added.


Although the majority of Creativoices' market is local, it has already been finding projects in the US, Europe, and the Middle East.

Firm sees untapped overseas market for Filipino voice talent

Firm sees untapped overseas market for Filipino voice talent


First posted 17:40:14 (Mla time) February 18, 2007
Erwin Oliva
INQUIRER.net





A PHILIPPINE company sees a largely untapped global outsourcing market for Filipino voice talents given the increasing demand from the podcasting, animation, and computer gaming industries, to name a few.


Having bagged deals in and out of the country, Creativoices Productions chief executive officer Pocholo Gonzales says the outsourcing market for Filipino voice talents has great potential.


What the country lacks, however, are professionals who can help local voice talents find better deals, he said.


"Our main goal is to make the Philippines a global center for voice talents. Voice talents abound in the country. But we need to professionalize this industry," added the young executive who can simulate the voices of the country's former presidents.


Voice talents are not only limited to doing commercials or "AVPs"--audio-visual presentations. Their talents are also being recruited to do voices for animation, audio books, computer games, and recently podcasts, audio files downloaded or delivered via subscription, which has been likened to radio shows on the Internet.


Gonzales said Creativoices had done voices for a Filipino-developed PC game called Terra Wars: NY Invasion developed by LadyLuck Digital Media.


Recently, the company was also tapped to provide the voices for an independent animation production called "Tuldok."


The company also provides technical services for the recently launched podcasts of INQUIRER.net.


Creativoices has established a center that currently trains more local voice talents to become professionals and has graduated about 20, added Gonzales.


"It took me five years to become a professional voice talent. What we want to do is teach them not to think this is work but an art," the executive said, noting that the company is in discussions with the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority.


Brian Ligsay, marketing director and chief operating officer of the company, added that most voice talents land deals through referrals; so people who have fewer connections end up getting fewer projects.


But among the known voice talents, one could earn "as much as a general manager's wage for three months," he added.


Although the majority of Creativoices' market is local, it has already been finding projects in the US, Europe, and the Middle East.

KIKO PANGILINAN




KIKO PANGILINAN




Friday, February 16, 2007

Five Ways to Watch TV on Your PC

Five Ways to Watch TV on Your PC


Sure, you might be sitting at a desk and not really thinking about 24, but why wouldn't
you want to watch TV on your computer? Your LCD almost certainly has
better resolution than your TV, and when you're right in front of it,
with two decent speakers (or more), it can be a pretty good way to
watch a show or two.

Here are five ways to get television on your computer.


1) TiVoToGo - If you have a Series2 TiVo, you need TiVoToGo,
which lets you download anything you've recorded on your TiVo to your
PC. The shows can't be shared with other computers, so if you're
planning on watching TV on the road, make sure you install TiVoToGo on
your laptop. It's free, people!

2) Official Web Downloads
- Check it out: The TV network may keep copies of its shows online for
free download. NBC, for example, has some full episodes of its prime time shows here, and CBS has full episodes of a full eight prime time series available to watch online (bottom left corner). Visit your favorite shows' official website (or their network) to see what's available.

3) Classic TV - Like bad TV from the '70s and '80s (and just about any other decade)? Check out In2TV
(Internet Explorer only, and even then it's buggy), which has archives
of dozens of old shows (some much, much worse than others).

4) Overseas TV - Wanna brush up on your Hungarian? Check out BeelineTV, which streams about 100 networks from countries ranging from China to Slovenia and beyond. You'll find plenty more a wwiTV, which also includes numerous U.S. local channels broadcasting online.

5) When in Doubt, Buy It - You can buy or rent TV show episodes a la carte all over the web. Most popular is probably the iTunes Store:
Note that you don't actually need an iPod to buy movies here if you
just want to watch them on your computer. An episode is typically
$1.99. Amazon Unbox also has similarly prices (though few have much good to say about it).

I already hit five? I haven't even covered connecting your TV to your cable with a tuner card or a USB TV tuner. There's also the famous Slingbox,
and you can always buy or rent TV shows on DVD, too. Post your other
suggestions for getting TV on your computer in the comments section!

Five Ways to Watch TV on Your PC

Five Ways to Watch TV on Your PC


Sure, you might be sitting at a desk and not really thinking about 24, but why wouldn't
you want to watch TV on your computer? Your LCD almost certainly has
better resolution than your TV, and when you're right in front of it,
with two decent speakers (or more), it can be a pretty good way to
watch a show or two.

Here are five ways to get television on your computer.


1) TiVoToGo - If you have a Series2 TiVo, you need TiVoToGo,
which lets you download anything you've recorded on your TiVo to your
PC. The shows can't be shared with other computers, so if you're
planning on watching TV on the road, make sure you install TiVoToGo on
your laptop. It's free, people!

2) Official Web Downloads
- Check it out: The TV network may keep copies of its shows online for
free download. NBC, for example, has some full episodes of its prime time shows here, and CBS has full episodes of a full eight prime time series available to watch online (bottom left corner). Visit your favorite shows' official website (or their network) to see what's available.

3) Classic TV - Like bad TV from the '70s and '80s (and just about any other decade)? Check out In2TV
(Internet Explorer only, and even then it's buggy), which has archives
of dozens of old shows (some much, much worse than others).

4) Overseas TV - Wanna brush up on your Hungarian? Check out BeelineTV, which streams about 100 networks from countries ranging from China to Slovenia and beyond. You'll find plenty more a wwiTV, which also includes numerous U.S. local channels broadcasting online.

5) When in Doubt, Buy It - You can buy or rent TV show episodes a la carte all over the web. Most popular is probably the iTunes Store:
Note that you don't actually need an iPod to buy movies here if you
just want to watch them on your computer. An episode is typically
$1.99. Amazon Unbox also has similarly prices (though few have much good to say about it).

I already hit five? I haven't even covered connecting your TV to your cable with a tuner card or a USB TV tuner. There's also the famous Slingbox,
and you can always buy or rent TV shows on DVD, too. Post your other
suggestions for getting TV on your computer in the comments section!

E-SERVICES TALK




Shangri-la Edsa

E-SERVICES TALK




Shangri-la Edsa

Saturday, February 3, 2007

Skipping Stones: A Perspective on Global Warming


Skipping Stones: A Perspective on Global Warming

By G.W. Burrows



By evaluating changes in climate or temperature over shortened

periods, such as decades or centuries instead of hundreds of

thousands or even millions of years, we either overestimate or

overstate the changes that might or might not be occurring.



Sci-Tech Today

June 3, 2005



 

The contributions of human activities to global warming is a topic of

continuing and intense debate. Unfortunately, the vast majority of

articles and reports on the effects of anthropogenic carbon dioxide

are overstated and exaggerated.



The debate has raged on about the causes and effects of global

warming, but the first question to ask is whether global warming even

exists.



Certainly it does, because without global warming, the earth would be

a much colder place. A good example is our closest neighbor, the

moon, where, even in direct sunlight, without an atmosphere there are

no molecules to absorb and retain the incoming heat from the sun.



The earth's atmosphere contains several gases, all of which have the

capacity to absorb heat energy in varying degrees. The most common

gases are nitrogen, oxygen, water and carbon dioxide. There also are

trace gases such as argon, methane and hydrogen, but their

concentrations are all much less than one percent.



Periodic changes in temperature give rise to climates that vary

widely from polar regions to the tropics. Climate is caused by more

than just global warming. The main causal factors of climate change

are the eccentricity of the earth's orbit around the sun, the tilt of

the rotational axis and its wobble.



Sun spot activity, ocean currents and albedo (whiteness) also

contribute to climate and climate change. The issue that has to be

addressed is how much of an effect carbon dioxide has on climate

change.



Experts agree that the earth's climate is primarily caused by the

distance from the sun, the shape and changes in the orbit and tilt of

the rotational axis. As long as the sun continues to burn, we will be

warm. Astronomers believe that the sun is middle aged and we have

approximately 4 billion years to go before it turns into a white

dwarf.



If you believe mainstream scientists, the earth's age is estimated to

be 4.5 billion years old. For the first billion years or so, the

earth was a hot and barren place with no oxygen in the atmosphere.

Since there was no oxygen, there was also no ozone. But after a

billion years, life began to form, the climate stabilized and oxygen

resulting from photosynthesis began to occupy the atmosphere.



Since that time, the climate has remained stable and conducive to

various life forms. The oceans have never frozen nor boiled. During

that time there have been changes in average temperature, sometimes

warmer and sometimes colder than our present-day climate.



Climatological studies of ice core samples have shown that about

every 100,000 to 150,000 years, the earth goes through a relatively

short period of warming followed by a longer period of cooling,

including an ice age. The warming period is approximately 20,000

years long and the cooling period lasts about 100,000 years.



During the last cooling period, ice covered the northern and

southernmost areas from 45 degrees North and 45 degrees South, to the

poles. The middle latitudes remained free of ice, therefore warm and

hospitable to most life forms. The last ice age ended approximately

20,000 years ago and the earth has been warming ever since, so it is

no surprise to expect that the next ice age is not far off.



Since the last ice age, the climate has warmed about 16 degrees

Fahrenheit and the sea level has risen approximately 300 feet. Humans

have only been around for about 1.75 million years. The warming and

cooling cycles were happening long before human existence.



Even more recently, the last ice age ended and warming began

thousands of years before the industrial revolution. Current changes

in temperature and climate have been blamed on CO2 production from

the industrial revolution, which began only 200 years ago, but

numerous reports have compared CO2 atmospheric concentrations over

the last 200 years in an attempt to prove the relationship between

the concentration of CO2 and the increase in average global

temperatures.



So what effect have human activities had on climate? To some extent,

quite a lot. Building large cites creates "heat islands," which cause

localized changes in weather. Massive deforestation (for example, in

the tropics) causes changes in the hydrological (rain) cycle.



Pollution contributes to changes in atmospheric chemistry; for

example, smog and particulates produce haze and ozone as well as

other pollutants such as NOX (various nitrogen oxides). Refrigerants

are blamed for destruction of ozone.



But what about carbon dioxide? Produced by all forms of combustion

and fermentation, CO2 has been the focus of debate on climate change

to such an extent that controls on CO2 production have been connected

to world economics (Kyoto Treaty) and pollution bartering.



At the present time, carbon dioxide makes up approximately 0.03

percent (or 300 parts per million) of the earth's atmosphere. In and

of itself, that number is small when compared to the other major

gases in the atmosphere. For example, oxygen and nitrogen are present

at 21 and 78 percent respectively.



To obtain a sense for how much heat carbon dioxide absorbs and

therefore contributes to global warming, the following information

must also be considered.





More than 98 percent of all CO2 in the atmosphere is produced by

sources other than by man. For example, CO2 is produced by forest

fires, volcanoes, fermentation and animal and plant respiration.



Carbon dioxide does not remain in the atmosphere. It is absorbed in

the oceans, lakes and rivers and is used by marine life to produce

shells and food. It is also used by terrestrial plants to produce

cellulose, sugar and other plant products.



Carbon dioxide is an essential and beneficial nutrient and is

actively involved in a dynamic, not static process.



By comparison, water is present in the atmosphere in amounts varying

from a few tenths of a percent in desert areas to as much as 4

percent in humid tropical areas. The amount of atmospheric water

content changes dramatically with temperature and air pressure.



Clouds and fog are made up of water and 70 percent of the earth's

surface is covered with water. Approximately 500 billion tons of

carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are added to the atmosphere each

day, of which 98 percent is naturally produced.



In other words, only 2 percent is anthropogenic. Around 1.16 billion

tons of water is evaporated each day. At any given time, there are

106 billion tons of carbon dioxide and 12.9 x 106 billion tons of

water in the atmosphere.



And so the important question is "What do all of these numbers mean?"



First, there is a lot more water in the atmosphere than CO2. Second,

the amount of CO2 pumped into the atmosphere by human activities is

small when compared to the amount of water already in the atmosphere.



Finally we also must evaluate how much heat energy both carbon

dioxide and water are capable of absorbing. Pound-for-pound, water

absorbs two times more heat energy than CO2. The difference comes

from how much vibrational energy the oxygen-hydrogen (OH) bonds

absorb than that of the carbon-oxygen (C=O) bonds.



What then can we derive from all of the different information on

global warming?



First, all of the data presented are factual, accurate and generally

accepted by the established scientific community noting that many of

the absolute numbers vary slightly depending on the source.



Global warming does occur as a result of all atmospheric gases

absorbing and retaining heat energy from the sun.



Heat also is absorbed by land surfaces and reflected by snow, clouds

and other light colored surfaces.



At any given time, climate is largely controlled by the energy of the

sun and the earth's position relative to the sun.



The amount of carbon dioxide added to the atmosphere by human

activities (2 percent of 0.03 percent, which is 0.000006 percent)

when compared to water that is always present (range of 0.5 percent

to 4 percent) is a very small amount.



Pound-for-pound, water absorbs two times more heat energy than carbon

dioxide.

Too often, experts, and even scientists study and report the effects

of CO2 on climate in a manner that is similar to the story of five

blind men describing an elephant. Each one views the elephant as a

completely different being because he doesn't include the information

from any of the others.



The situations with studies or reports on global warming are similar.

Unless we consider all of the factors that contribute to our climate

simultaneously, we are using an unscientific technique known as data

selection, which is inappropriate in thorough and accurate research.



By evaluating changes in climate or temperature over shortened

periods, such as decades or centuries instead of hundreds of

thousands or even millions of years, we either overestimate or

overstate the changes that might or might not be occurring. Data

selection can be used to verify any reasonable conclusion about

climate change.



Because there is a lot more water in the atmosphere than carbon

dioxide and because water absorbs so much more energy than carbon

dioxide, we should conclude that the effect that these gases have on

the warming of the atmosphere is largely caused by water. Man's

contribution, although it certainly exists, is more like throwing a

stone into the ocean, real and calculable, but barely noticeable.



----------------------------------------------------------------------

----------

G.W. Burrows is a retired analytical chemist and former director of

toxicology and environmental chemistry laboratories. Burrows

currently teaches chemistry, biology and environmental science.



Skipping Stones: A Perspective on Global Warming


Skipping Stones: A Perspective on Global Warming

By G.W. Burrows



By evaluating changes in climate or temperature over shortened

periods, such as decades or centuries instead of hundreds of

thousands or even millions of years, we either overestimate or

overstate the changes that might or might not be occurring.



Sci-Tech Today

June 3, 2005



 

The contributions of human activities to global warming is a topic of

continuing and intense debate. Unfortunately, the vast majority of

articles and reports on the effects of anthropogenic carbon dioxide

are overstated and exaggerated.



The debate has raged on about the causes and effects of global

warming, but the first question to ask is whether global warming even

exists.



Certainly it does, because without global warming, the earth would be

a much colder place. A good example is our closest neighbor, the

moon, where, even in direct sunlight, without an atmosphere there are

no molecules to absorb and retain the incoming heat from the sun.



The earth's atmosphere contains several gases, all of which have the

capacity to absorb heat energy in varying degrees. The most common

gases are nitrogen, oxygen, water and carbon dioxide. There also are

trace gases such as argon, methane and hydrogen, but their

concentrations are all much less than one percent.



Periodic changes in temperature give rise to climates that vary

widely from polar regions to the tropics. Climate is caused by more

than just global warming. The main causal factors of climate change

are the eccentricity of the earth's orbit around the sun, the tilt of

the rotational axis and its wobble.



Sun spot activity, ocean currents and albedo (whiteness) also

contribute to climate and climate change. The issue that has to be

addressed is how much of an effect carbon dioxide has on climate

change.



Experts agree that the earth's climate is primarily caused by the

distance from the sun, the shape and changes in the orbit and tilt of

the rotational axis. As long as the sun continues to burn, we will be

warm. Astronomers believe that the sun is middle aged and we have

approximately 4 billion years to go before it turns into a white

dwarf.



If you believe mainstream scientists, the earth's age is estimated to

be 4.5 billion years old. For the first billion years or so, the

earth was a hot and barren place with no oxygen in the atmosphere.

Since there was no oxygen, there was also no ozone. But after a

billion years, life began to form, the climate stabilized and oxygen

resulting from photosynthesis began to occupy the atmosphere.



Since that time, the climate has remained stable and conducive to

various life forms. The oceans have never frozen nor boiled. During

that time there have been changes in average temperature, sometimes

warmer and sometimes colder than our present-day climate.



Climatological studies of ice core samples have shown that about

every 100,000 to 150,000 years, the earth goes through a relatively

short period of warming followed by a longer period of cooling,

including an ice age. The warming period is approximately 20,000

years long and the cooling period lasts about 100,000 years.



During the last cooling period, ice covered the northern and

southernmost areas from 45 degrees North and 45 degrees South, to the

poles. The middle latitudes remained free of ice, therefore warm and

hospitable to most life forms. The last ice age ended approximately

20,000 years ago and the earth has been warming ever since, so it is

no surprise to expect that the next ice age is not far off.



Since the last ice age, the climate has warmed about 16 degrees

Fahrenheit and the sea level has risen approximately 300 feet. Humans

have only been around for about 1.75 million years. The warming and

cooling cycles were happening long before human existence.



Even more recently, the last ice age ended and warming began

thousands of years before the industrial revolution. Current changes

in temperature and climate have been blamed on CO2 production from

the industrial revolution, which began only 200 years ago, but

numerous reports have compared CO2 atmospheric concentrations over

the last 200 years in an attempt to prove the relationship between

the concentration of CO2 and the increase in average global

temperatures.



So what effect have human activities had on climate? To some extent,

quite a lot. Building large cites creates "heat islands," which cause

localized changes in weather. Massive deforestation (for example, in

the tropics) causes changes in the hydrological (rain) cycle.



Pollution contributes to changes in atmospheric chemistry; for

example, smog and particulates produce haze and ozone as well as

other pollutants such as NOX (various nitrogen oxides). Refrigerants

are blamed for destruction of ozone.



But what about carbon dioxide? Produced by all forms of combustion

and fermentation, CO2 has been the focus of debate on climate change

to such an extent that controls on CO2 production have been connected

to world economics (Kyoto Treaty) and pollution bartering.



At the present time, carbon dioxide makes up approximately 0.03

percent (or 300 parts per million) of the earth's atmosphere. In and

of itself, that number is small when compared to the other major

gases in the atmosphere. For example, oxygen and nitrogen are present

at 21 and 78 percent respectively.



To obtain a sense for how much heat carbon dioxide absorbs and

therefore contributes to global warming, the following information

must also be considered.





More than 98 percent of all CO2 in the atmosphere is produced by

sources other than by man. For example, CO2 is produced by forest

fires, volcanoes, fermentation and animal and plant respiration.



Carbon dioxide does not remain in the atmosphere. It is absorbed in

the oceans, lakes and rivers and is used by marine life to produce

shells and food. It is also used by terrestrial plants to produce

cellulose, sugar and other plant products.



Carbon dioxide is an essential and beneficial nutrient and is

actively involved in a dynamic, not static process.



By comparison, water is present in the atmosphere in amounts varying

from a few tenths of a percent in desert areas to as much as 4

percent in humid tropical areas. The amount of atmospheric water

content changes dramatically with temperature and air pressure.



Clouds and fog are made up of water and 70 percent of the earth's

surface is covered with water. Approximately 500 billion tons of

carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are added to the atmosphere each

day, of which 98 percent is naturally produced.



In other words, only 2 percent is anthropogenic. Around 1.16 billion

tons of water is evaporated each day. At any given time, there are

106 billion tons of carbon dioxide and 12.9 x 106 billion tons of

water in the atmosphere.



And so the important question is "What do all of these numbers mean?"



First, there is a lot more water in the atmosphere than CO2. Second,

the amount of CO2 pumped into the atmosphere by human activities is

small when compared to the amount of water already in the atmosphere.



Finally we also must evaluate how much heat energy both carbon

dioxide and water are capable of absorbing. Pound-for-pound, water

absorbs two times more heat energy than CO2. The difference comes

from how much vibrational energy the oxygen-hydrogen (OH) bonds

absorb than that of the carbon-oxygen (C=O) bonds.



What then can we derive from all of the different information on

global warming?



First, all of the data presented are factual, accurate and generally

accepted by the established scientific community noting that many of

the absolute numbers vary slightly depending on the source.



Global warming does occur as a result of all atmospheric gases

absorbing and retaining heat energy from the sun.



Heat also is absorbed by land surfaces and reflected by snow, clouds

and other light colored surfaces.



At any given time, climate is largely controlled by the energy of the

sun and the earth's position relative to the sun.



The amount of carbon dioxide added to the atmosphere by human

activities (2 percent of 0.03 percent, which is 0.000006 percent)

when compared to water that is always present (range of 0.5 percent

to 4 percent) is a very small amount.



Pound-for-pound, water absorbs two times more heat energy than carbon

dioxide.

Too often, experts, and even scientists study and report the effects

of CO2 on climate in a manner that is similar to the story of five

blind men describing an elephant. Each one views the elephant as a

completely different being because he doesn't include the information

from any of the others.



The situations with studies or reports on global warming are similar.

Unless we consider all of the factors that contribute to our climate

simultaneously, we are using an unscientific technique known as data

selection, which is inappropriate in thorough and accurate research.



By evaluating changes in climate or temperature over shortened

periods, such as decades or centuries instead of hundreds of

thousands or even millions of years, we either overestimate or

overstate the changes that might or might not be occurring. Data

selection can be used to verify any reasonable conclusion about

climate change.



Because there is a lot more water in the atmosphere than carbon

dioxide and because water absorbs so much more energy than carbon

dioxide, we should conclude that the effect that these gases have on

the warming of the atmosphere is largely caused by water. Man's

contribution, although it certainly exists, is more like throwing a

stone into the ocean, real and calculable, but barely noticeable.



----------------------------------------------------------------------

----------

G.W. Burrows is a retired analytical chemist and former director of

toxicology and environmental chemistry laboratories. Burrows

currently teaches chemistry, biology and environmental science.